I. Background to Developments

Historical background and anticipated developments.

Expression profiling using DNA arrays is often believed to have appeared during the second half of the 1990s, and to be based exclusively on nonisotopic methods. In fact, the first article describing the application of cDNA arrays to expression analysis was published in 1992, relied on radioactive labeling, and was a new development of "high-density" membranes used until then essentially for ef...

Donor insemination - historical background and current developments

Donor insemination (DI) was shrouded in secrecy for many years.The majority of doctors recommended parents not to disclose their use of DI neither to their child nor to friends or family members. In the last two decades, this secrecy has increasingly been challenged.This article outlines the historical background and discusses the current legal and professional regulations. Furthermore, it summ...

I-17: Recent Developments in Animal Welfare Sciencee

The methodology for the scientific assessment of animal welfare has developed rapidly in recent years and has become a major scientific discipline. The concepts of welfare, need, stress, health, pain, emotion and feeling are now clarified. In teaching, legislation and practical work referring to animal welfare, a clear definition that can be related to other concepts is needed. The welfare of a...

Dynamic Background Libraries - New Developments In Distance Education Using HIKS

This paper is a short description of HIKS, a working prototype of an interactive knowledge management system. HIKS might be used as a dynamic background library in a Web-based training environment. Research in the field of Web-based learning at the [IICM] has shown that courseware combined only with static background libraries does not satisfy the learners’ needs. An additional dynamic backgrou...

Restoring Investor Confidence: Background on Recent Developments in Canada